EIGRP

EIGRP adalah protokol routing yang termasuk proprietari Cisco, yang berarti hanya bisa dijalankan pada router Cisco, EIGRP bisa jadi merupakan protokol routing terbaik didunia jika bukan merupakan proprietari Cisco.

Kelebihan utama yang membedakan EIGRP dari protokol routing lainnya adalah EIGRP termasuk satu-satunya protokol routing yang menawarkan fitur backup route, dimana jika terjadi perubahan pada network, EIGRP tidak harus melakukan kalkulasi ulang untuk menentukan route terbaik karena bisa langsung menggunakan backup route. Kalkulasi ulang route terbaik dilakukan jika backup route juga mengalami kegagalan. Berikut adalah fitur-fitur yang dimiliki EIGRP:

• Termasuk protokol routing distance vector tingkat lanjut (Advanced distance vector).
• Waktu convergence yang cepat.
• Mendukung VLSM dan subnet-subnet yang discontiguous (tidak bersebelahan/berurutan)
• Partial updates, Tidak seperti RIP yang selalu mengirimkan keseluruhan tabel routing dalam pesan Update, EIGRP menggunakan partial updates atau triggered update yang berarti hanya mengirimkan update jika terjadi perubahan pada network (mis: ada network yang down)
• Mendukung multiple protokol network
• Desain network yang flexible.
• Multicast dan unicast, EIGRP saling berkomunikasi dengan tetangga (neighbor) nya secara multicast (224.0.0.10) dan tidak membroadcastnya.
• Manual summarization, EIGRP dapat melakukan summarization dimana saja.
• Menjamin 100% topologi routing yang bebas looping.
• Mudah dikonfigurasi untuk WAN dan LAN.
• Load balancing via jalur dengan cost equal dan unequal, yang berarti EIGRP dapat menggunakan 2 link atau lebih ke suatu network destination dengan koneksi bandwidth (cost metric) yang berbeda, dan melakukan load sharing pada link-link tersebut dengan beban yang sesuai yang dimiliki oleh link masing-masing, dengan begini pemakaian bandwidth pada setiap link menjadi lebih efektif, karena link dengan bandwidth yang lebih kecil tetap digunakan dan dengan beban yang sepadan juga

EIGRP mengkombinasikan kelebihan-kelebihan yang dimiliki oleh protokol routing link-state dan distance vector. Tetapi pada dasarnya EIGRP adalah protokol distance vector karena router-router yang menjalankan EIGRP tidak mengetahui road map/ topologi network secara menyeluruh seperti pada protokol link-state.

EIGRP mudah dikonfigurasi seperti pendahulunya (IGRP) dan dapat diadaptasikan dengan variasi topologi network. Penambahan fitur-fitur protokol link-state seperti neighbor discovery membuat EIGRP menjadi protokol distance vector tingkat lanjut.

EIGRP menggunakan algoritma DUAL (Diffusing Update Algorithm) sebagai mesin utama yang menjalankan lingkungan EIGRP, DUAL dapat diperbandingkan dengan algoritma SPF Dijkstra pada OSPF.

EIGRP memiliki fitur-fitur utama sebagai berikut.

• Partial updates: EIGRP tidak mengirimkan update secara periodik seperti yang dilakukan oleh RIP, tetapi EIGRP mengirimkan update hanya jika terjadi perubahan route/metric (triggered update). Update yang dikirimkan hanya berisi informasi tentang route yang mengalami perubahan saja. Pengiriman pesan update ini juga hanya ditujukan sebatas pada router-router yang membutuhkan informasi perubahan tersebut saja. Hasilnya EIGRP menghabiskan bandwidth yang lebih sedikit daripada IGRP. Hal ini juga membedakan EIGRP dengan protokol link-state yang mengirimkan update kepada semua router dalam satu area.
• Multiple network-layer protocol support: EIGRP mendukung protokol IP, AppleTalk, dan Novell NetWare IPX dengan memanfaatkan module-module yang tidak bergantung pada protokol tertentu.

Fitur EIGRP lain yang patut diperhatikan adalah sebagai berikut:

•  Koneksi dengan semua jenis data link dan topologi tanpa memerlukan konfigurasi lebih lanjut, protokol routing lain seperti OSPF, menggunakan konfigurasi yang berbeda untuk protokol layer 2 (Data Link) yang berbeda, misalnya Ethernet dan Frame Relay. EIGRP beroperasi dengan efektif pada lingkungan LAN dan WAN. Dukungan WAN untuk link point-to-point dan topologi nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) merupakan standar EIGRP.
• Metric yang canggih: EIGRP menggunakan algoritma yang sama dengan IGRP untuk menghitung metric tetapi menggambarkan nilai-nilai dalam format 32-bit. EIGRP mendukung load balancing untuk metric yang tidak seimbang (unequal), yang memungkinkan engineer untuk mendistribusikan traffik dalam network dengan lebih baik.
• Multicast and unicast: EIGRP menggunakan multicast dan unicast sebagai ganti broadcast. Address multicast yang digunakan adalah 224.0.0.10.

Nah setelah penjelasan yang cukup panjang lebar mengenai EIGRP berikut lab-lab konfigurasi mengenai EIGRP. Lab ini sy praktekkan dengan menggunakan GNS3.

• EIGRP Konfig dasar

Router R1

!

interface Loopback0

ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255

!

interface Serial1/0

ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0

!

router eigrp 10

network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0

network 12.12.12.1 0.0.0.0

Router R2

!

interface Loopback0

ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255

!

interface Serial1/0

ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0

interface FastEthernet0/0

ip address 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0

!

interface FastEthernet0/0

ip address 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0

!

router eigrp 10

network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0

network 12.12.12.2 0.0.0.0

network 23.23.23.2 0.0.0.0

auto-summary

Router R3

!

interface Loopback0

ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255

!

interface FastEthernet0/0

ip address 23.23.23.3 255.255.255.0

!

router eigrp 10

network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0

network 23.23.23.3 0.0.0.0

Cek routing table

R1#sh ip route

1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C 1.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Loopback0

D 1.0.0.0/8 is a summary, 00:13:52, Null0

D 2.0.0.0/8 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:12:54, Serial1/0

D 3.0.0.0/8 [90/2323456] via 12.12.12.2, 00:10:41, Serial1/0

D 23.0.0.0/8 [90/2195456] via 12.12.12.2, 00:13:00, Serial1/0

12.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C 12.12.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

D 12.0.0.0/8 is a summary, 00:13:53, Null0

• EIGRP Filtering – Distribute list

Topologi yang digunakan sama dengan yang digunakan di EIGRP konfig dasar. Lab-lab berikutnya juga akan menggunakan topologi yang sama.

Bila diinginkan IP loopback tidak boleh terdapat dalam routing table router R3

R1#

!

access-list 1 deny 2.2.2.2

access-list 1 permit any

!

Router eigrp 10

Distribute-list 1 in s1/0

Cek route table

R1#sh ip route

1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C 1.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Loopback0

D 1.0.0.0/8 is a summary, 00:07:57, Null0

D 2.0.0.0/8 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:06, Serial1/0

D 3.0.0.0/8 [90/2323456] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:06, Serial1/0

D 23.0.0.0/8 [90/2195456] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:06, Serial1/0

12.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C 12.12.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0

D 12.0.0.0/8 is a summary, 00:07:57, Null0

Ip subnet 2.2.2.2 terlihat classful di routing table, maka solusinya sbb :

#router eigrp

#no auto-summ

R1(config-router)#do sh ip route

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0

3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D 3.3.3.3 [90/2323456] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:06, Serial1/0

23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D 23.23.23.0 [90/2195456] via 12.12.12.2, 00:00:29, Serial1/0

12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 12.12.12.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0

Ip 2.2.2.2 sudah tidak terlihat lagi di routing table R1

cek ping ke 2.2.2.2

R1#ping 2.2.2.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2.2.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

…..

Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)

Selain menggunakan distribute list di R1, bisa juga di gunakan di R2 dengan direction out

Router R2

!

access-list 1 deny 2.2.2.2

access-list 1 permit any

!

Router eigrp 10

Distribute-list 1 out int s1/0

!

R1#sh ip route

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0

3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D 3.3.3.3 [90/2323456] via 12.12.12.2, 00:12:42, Serial1/0

23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D 23.23.23.0 [90/2195456] via 12.12.12.2, 00:13:05, Serial1/0

12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 12.12.12.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0

• EIGRP Redistribute Static

Kalau sebelumnya kita mengadvertise sebuah network melalui perintah network pada EIGRP, maka kita juga bisa menggunakan redistribute route.

Tambahkan int lo di R1

!

Interface loopback 1

Ip add 100.100.100.1 255.255.255.255

!

Di router R2

!

Router eigrp 10

Redistribute static

!

R3#show ip route

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D 1.1.1.1 [90/2323456] via 23.23.23.2, 00:23:54, FastEthernet0/0

2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D 2.2.2.2 [90/409600] via 23.23.23.2, 00:24:03, FastEthernet0/0

100.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D EX 100.100.100.1 [170/2195456] via 23.23.23.2, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0

23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 23.23.23.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D 12.12.12.0 [90/2195456] via 23.23.23.2, 00:24:03, FastEthernet0/0

R3#ping 100.100.100.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 100.100.100.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/92/196 ms

• EIGRP Redistribute RIP

Tambahkan int lo di router R1 lagi

!

Interface loopback 2

Ip add 200.200.200.1 255.255.255.255

!

Router rip

Network 200.200.200.0 

advertise ke rip

Redistribute ke eigrp 10

Router 1

!

Router eigrp 10

Redistribute rip metric 5 5 5 5 5

Terlihat nilai metric 5 5 5 5 5 tidak berpengaruh

Cek route table

R2#sh ip route

200.200.200.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D EX 200.200.200.1 [170/512513280] via 12.12.12.1, 00:00:12, Serial1/0

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D 1.1.1.1 [90/2297856] via 12.12.12.1, 00:36:52, Serial1/0

2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 2.2.2.2 is directly connected, Loopback0

100.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

S 100.100.100.1 [1/0] via 12.12.12.1

3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D 3.3.3.3 [90/409600] via 23.23.23.3, 00:36:38, FastEthernet0/0

23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 23.23.23.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 12.12.12.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0

R3#sh ip route

200.200.200.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D EX 200.200.200.1

[170/512538880] via 23.23.23.2, 00:00:26, FastEthernet0/0

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D 1.1.1.1 [90/2323456] via 23.23.23.2, 00:37:06, FastEthernet0/0

2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D 2.2.2.2 [90/409600] via 23.23.23.2, 00:37:15, FastEthernet0/0

100.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D EX 100.100.100.1 [170/2195456] via 23.23.23.2, 00:13:17, FastEthernet0/0

3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0

23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 23.23.23.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D 12.12.12.0 [90/2195456] via 23.23.23.2, 00:37:16, FastEthernet0/0

R3#ping 200.200.200.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 200.200.200.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/84/244 ms

R3#ping 100.100.100.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 100.100.100.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/92/196 ms

• EIGRP Redistribute OSPF

Tambahkan interface lo lagi di router R1

Router R1

!

Interface loopback 3

Ip add 30.30.30.1 255.255.255.255

!

Router ospf 1

Network 30.30.30.1 0.0.0.0 area 0

!

Router eigrp 10

Redistribute ospf 1 metric 3 3 3 3 3

!

Cek route table

R1#sh ip prot | i Redistri

Redistributing: eigrp 10, rip, ospf 1

R3#sh ip route

200.200.200.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D EX 200.200.200.1

[170/512538880] via 23.23.23.2, 00:21:18, FastEthernet0/0

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D 1.1.1.1 [90/2323456] via 23.23.23.2, 00:57:58, FastEthernet0/0

2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D 2.2.2.2 [90/409600] via 23.23.23.2, 00:58:07, FastEthernet0/0

100.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D EX 100.100.100.1 [170/2195456] via 23.23.23.2, 00:34:09, FastEthernet0/0

3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0

23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 23.23.23.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D 12.12.12.0 [90/2195456] via 23.23.23.2, 00:58:08, FastEthernet0/0

30.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D EX 30.30.30.1 [170/853871616] via 23.23.23.2, 00:06:23, FastEthernet0/0

• EIGRP authentication

Pada EIGRP hanya ada MD5 authentication

Router R1

!

Key chain EIGRP

key 1

key-string CISCO

!

Int s1/0

Ip authentication eigrp 10 key-chain EIGRP

Ip authentication mode eigrp 10 md5

Router R2

!

Key chain EIGRP

Key 1

Key-string CISCO

!

Int s1/0

Ip authentication eigrp 10 key-chain EIGRP

Ip authentication mode eigrp 10 md5

Cek route table

R1#debug eigrp packet

EIGRP Packets debugging is on

(UPDATE, REQUEST, QUERY, REPLY, HELLO, IPXSAP, PROBE, ACK, STUB, SIAQUERY, SIAREPLY)

*Mar 1 01:58:04.991: EIGRP: received packet with MD5 authentication, key id = 1

*Mar 1 01:58:04.995: EIGRP: Received HELLO on Serial1/0 nbr 12.12.12.2

*Mar 1 01:58:04.995: AS 10, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0 peerQ un/rely 0/0

*Mar 1 01:58:05.239: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on Serial1/0

*Mar 1 01:58:05.239: AS 10, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0

*Mar 1 01:58:05.519: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on Loopback0

*Mar 1 01:58:05.519: AS 10, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0

*Mar 1 01:58:05.523: EIGRP: Received HELLO on Loopback0 nbr 1.1.1.1

*Mar 1 01:58:05.527: AS 10, Flags 0x0, Seq 0/0 idbQ 0/0

R1#sh ip eigrp neig

IP-EIGRP neighbors for process 10

H Address Interface Hold Uptime SRTT RTO Q Seq

(sec) (ms) Cnt Num

0 12.12.12.2 Se1/0 14 00:03:23 407 2442 0 61

• EIGRP Summarization

Tambahkan ip yg akan di summarize.

Router R1

!

Interface lo1

Ip add 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.255

Interface lo2

Ip add 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.255

Interface lo3

Ip add 10.0.0.3 255.255.255.255

Interface lo4

Ip add 10.0.0.4 255.255.255.255

Interface lo5

Ip add 10.0.0.5 255.255.255.255

Interface lo6

Ip add 10.0.0.6 255.255.255.255

Interface lo7

Ip add 10.0.0.7 255.255.255.255

!

router eigrp 10

net 10.0.0.1 0.0.0.0

net 10.0.0.2 0.0.0.0

net 10.0.0.3 0.0.0.0

net 10.0.0.4 0.0.0.0

net 10.0.0.5 0.0.0.0

net 10.0.0.5 0.0.0.0

net 10.0.0.6 0.0.0.0

net 10.0.0.7 0.0.0.0

Cek route table

R3#sh ip route

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D 1.1.1.1 [90/2323456] via 23.23.23.2, 00:24:47, FastEthernet0/0

2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D 2.2.2.2 [90/409600] via 23.23.23.2, 01:29:19, FastEthernet0/0

100.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D EX 100.100.100.1 [170/2195456] via 23.23.23.2, 01:05:22, FastEthernet0/0

3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0

23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 23.23.23.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

10.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 7 subnets

D 10.0.0.2 [90/2323456] via 23.23.23.2, 00:01:36, FastEthernet0/0

D 10.0.0.3 [90/2323456] via 23.23.23.2, 00:01:30, FastEthernet0/0

D 10.0.0.1 [90/2323456] via 23.23.23.2, 00:01:43, FastEthernet0/0

D 10.0.0.6 [90/2323456] via 23.23.23.2, 00:01:16, FastEthernet0/0

D 10.0.0.7 [90/2323456] via 23.23.23.2, 00:01:13, FastEthernet0/0

D 10.0.0.4 [90/2323456] via 23.23.23.2, 00:01:27, FastEthernet0/0

D 10.0.0.5 [90/2323456] via 23.23.23.2, 00:01:23, FastEthernet0/0

12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D 12.12.12.0 [90/2195456] via 23.23.23.2, 01:29:20, FastEthernet0/0

Summary di R1

!

Int s1/0

Ip summary-address eigrp 10 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.248

!

R3#sh ip route

Gateway of last resort is not set

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D 1.1.1.1 [90/2323456] via 23.23.23.2, 00:27:48, FastEthernet0/0

2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D 2.2.2.2 [90/409600] via 23.23.23.2, 01:32:21, FastEthernet0/0

100.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D EX 100.100.100.1 [170/2195456] via 23.23.23.2, 01:08:23, FastEthernet0/0

3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0

23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 23.23.23.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

10.0.0.0/29 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D 10.0.0.0 [90/2323456] via 23.23.23.2, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D 12.12.12.0 [90/2195456] via 23.23.23.2, 01:32:22, FastEthernet0/0

• EIGRP – Unicast Update
  

Secara default EIGRP mengirimkan update dengan cara multicast ke alamat 224.0.0.10

R1#debug ip packet de

*Mar 1 02:35:15.443: IP: s=10.0.0.1 (local), d=224.0.0.10 (Loopback1), len 60, sending broad/multicast, proto=88

*Mar 1 02:35:15.447: IP: s=10.0.0.1 (Loopback1), d=224.0.0.10, len 60, rcvd 2, proto=88

*Mar 1 02:35:15.579: IP: s=10.0.0.3 (local), d=224.0.0.10 (Loopback3), len 60, sending broad/multicast, proto=88

*Mar 1 02:35:15.583: IP: s=10.0.0.3 (Loopback3), d=224.0.0.10, len 60, rcvd 2, proto=88

*Mar 1 02:35:15.603: IP: s=10.0.0.6 (local), d=224.0.0.10 (Loopback6), len 60, sending broad/multicast, proto=88

*Mar 1 02:35:15.607: IP: s=10.0.0.6 (Loopback6), d=224.0.0.10, len 60, rcvd 2, proto=88

*Mar 1 02:35:16.223: IP: s=12.12.12.1 (local), d=224.0.0.10 (Serial1/0)

Router 1

!

Router eigrp 10

Neigbor 12.12.12.2 s1/0

!

Router 2

!

Router eigrp 10

Neigbor 12.12.12.1 s1/0

R1(config-router)#

*Mar 1 02:36:00.027: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 10: Neighbor 12.12.12.2 (Serial1/0) is down: Static peer configured

R1(config-router)#

*Mar 1 02:36:19.075: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 10: Neighbor 12.12.12.2 (Serial1/0) is up: new adjacency

R1(config-router)#end

R1#debug ip pac de

IP packet debugging is on (detailed)